A highway is a public road A road is an identifiable thoroughfare, route, way or path between two places which may or may not be available for use by the public; public roads, especially major roads connecting significant destinations are termed highways. Modern roads are normally smoothed, paved, or otherwise prepared to allow easy travel although historically many roads, especially a major road connecting two or more destinations. Any interconnected set of highways can be variously referred to as a "highway system", a "highway network", or a "highway transportation system". Each country has its own national highway system. Major highways are often named and numbered by the governments that typically develop and maintain them. Australia's Highway 1 Australia's Highway 1 is a network of highways that circumnavigate the entire Australian continent, joining all mainland state capitals. At a total length of more than 25,000 km , it is one of the longest national highways in the world, along with the Trans-Siberian Highway (over 11,000 km/6,800 miles) and the Trans-Canada Highway (8,030 km/4,990 is the longest national highway in the world at over 14,500 km (9,000 miles) and runs almost the entire way around the continent. The United States has the world's largest network of highways, including both the Interstate Highway System The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System , is a network of limited-access highways (also called freeways or expressways) in the United States. It is named for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who championed its formation. As of 2006[update], the system has a total and the U.S. Highway System The system of United States numbered highways is an integrated system of roads and highways in the United States numbered within a nationwide grid. As these highways were coordinated among the states, they are infrequently referred to as Federal Highways, but they have always been maintained by state or local governments since their initial. At least one of these networks is present in every state and they interconnect most major cities. Some highways, like the Pan-American Highway The Pan-American Highway is a network of roads measuring about 47,958 kilometers (29,800 miles) in total length. Except for an 87 kilometers (54 mi) rainforest break, called the Darién Gap, the road links the mainland nations of the Americas in a connected highway system. According to Guinness World Records, the Pan-American Highway is the world' or the European routes The international E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe . The network is numbered from E 1 up and its roads cross national borders. It also reaches Central Asian countries like Kyrgyzstan, since they are members of the UNECE, span multiple countries. Some major highway routes include ferry A ferry is a form of transportation, usually a boat, but sometimes a ship, used to carry (or ferry) primarily passengers, and sometimes vehicles and cargo as well, across a body of water. Most ferries operate on regular, frequent, return services. A passenger ferry with many stops, such as in Venice, is sometimes called a water bus or water taxi services, such as U.S. Route 10 I-35 / I-94 in St. Paul, MN , which crosses Lake Michigan Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. Geologically, it is a large bay of Lake Michigan-Huron. By itself, it is the second largest of the Great Lakes by volume and the third largest by surface area, behind Lake Superior and Lake Huron. It is bounded, from west to.

Traditionally highways were used by people on foot A pedestrian is a person traveling on foot, whether walking or running. In some communities, those traveling using roller skates or skateboards are also considered to be pedestrians. In modern times, the term mostly refers to someone walking on a road or footpath, but this was not the case historically or on horses The horse is a hooved (ungulate) mammal, a subspecies of the family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BCE, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Although. Later they also accommodated carriages A carriage is a wheeled vehicle for people, usually horse-drawn; litters and sedan chairs are excluded, since they are wheelless vehicles. The carriage is especially designed for private passenger use and for comfort or elegance, though some are also used to transport goods. It may be light, smart and fast or heavy, large and comfortable, bicycles A bicycle, also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle, is a pedal-driven, human-powered, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist or a bicyclist and eventually motor cars An automobile, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the, facilitated by advancements in road construction A road is an identifiable thoroughfare, route, way or path between two places which may or may not be available for use by the public; public roads, especially major roads connecting significant destinations are termed highways. Modern roads are normally smoothed, paved, or otherwise prepared to allow easy travel although historically many roads. In the 1920s and 1930s many nations began investing heavily in progressively more modern highway systems to spur commerce Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer OR commerce is the exchange of goods and services from the point of production to the point of consumption to satisfy human wants. It comprises the trading of something of economic value such as goods, services, and bolster national defense. Major modern highways that connect cities in populous developed The term developed country is used to describe countries that have a high level of development according to some criteria. Which criteria, and which countries are classified as being developed, is a contentious issue and is surrounded by fierce debate. Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions. One such criterion is income per capita; and developing countries Developing country is a term generally used to describe a nation with a low level of material well being. There is no single internationally-recognized definition of developed country, and the levels of development may vary widely within so-called developing countries, with some developing countries having high average standards of living usually incorporate features intended to enhance the road's capacity, efficiency, and safety to various degrees. Such features include a reduction in the number of locations for user access A limited-access road is a highway to which access from adjacent properties is limited in some way; a limited access road (for example a freeway) may also have a divided highway, grade separated junctions and prohibit some modes of transport such as bicycles or horses; however others may be city streets where controls are placed on the number of, the use of dual carriageways A dual carriageway or divided highway (North American English) is a road or highway in which the two directions of traffic are separated by a central barrier or strip of land, known as a central reservation (British English) or median (North American English). This type of road is usually able to carry a great deal more traffic than normal single with two or more lanes on each carriageway, and grade-separated Grade separation is the process of aligning a junction of two or more transport axes at different heights so that they will not disrupt the traffic flow on other transit routes when they cross each other. The composition of such transport axes does not have to be uniform; it can consist of a mixture of roads, footpaths, railways, canals, or junctions with other roads and modes of transport. These features are typically present on highways built as motorways A motorway is a dual-carriageway limited access highway with grade separated junctions designed and built solely for motorised traffic. In English-speaking countries the term is used in the United Kingdom, some parts of Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, some other Commonwealth nations, and Ireland (a motorway is also called a mótarbhealach in (freeways A freeway is a limited access divided highway with grade separated junctions and without traffic lights or stop signs. The term is used in the United States and parts of Canada, Australia, and South Africa. A freeway is roughly equivalent to a motorway in the United Kingdom and Ireland).

Terminology

In English law English law is the legal system of England and Wales, and is the basis of common law legal systems used in most Commonwealth countriesand the United States . It was exported to Commonwealth countries while the British Empire was established and maintained, and it forms the basis of the jurisprudence of most of those countries. English law prior to, parliament and more formal situations the term is used to denote any public road used which include streets A street is a paved public thoroughfare in a built environment. It is a public parcel of land adjoining buildings in an urban context, on which people may freely assemble, interact, and move about. A street can be as simple as a level patch of dirt, but is more often paved with a hard, durable surface such as concrete, cobblestone or brick, lanes In North America and Australia, the term also may refer to rear access roads which act as a secondary vehicular network in cities and towns. Large cities in the U.S. states of Nevada and Texas tend to apply the term to many arterial roads[citation needed]. Also see alley as well as main road, trunk roads A trunk road, trunk highway, or strategic road is a major road—usually connecting two or more cities, ports, airports, etc.—which is the recommended route for long-distance and freight traffic. Many trunk roads have segregated lanes in a dual carriageway, or are motorway standard and motorways A motorway is a dual-carriageway limited access highway with grade separated junctions designed and built solely for motorised traffic. In English-speaking countries the term is used in the United Kingdom, some parts of Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, some other Commonwealth nations, and Ireland (a motorway is also called a mótarbhealach in. Acts of parliament have used the term throughout history from the Highways Act 1555 through to the Highways Act 1980. The rules of the road are outlined in the Highway Code The Highway Code is the official road user guide for Great Britain. In Northern Ireland the Highway Code for Northern Ireland applies while the Republic of Ireland has its own Rules of the Road. It contains 306 numbered rules and 9 annexes covering pedestrians, animals, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. As well as the rules and annexes, there.

In England and Wales, a "Public Highway" is a road or footpath over which the public has the right of access, i.e. the opposite of a "private road".

In American law, the word "highway" is sometimes used to denote any public way used for travel, whether major highway, freeway, turnpike, street, lane, alley, pathway, dirt track, footpaths, and trails, and navigable waterways,^{[citation needed]} however, in practical and useful meaning, a "highway" is a major and significant, well-constructed road that is capable of carrying reasonably-heavy to extremely-heavy traffic.^{[citation needed]} Highways generally have a route number designated by the state and federal road comptroller offices.^{[clarification needed]}

California Vehicle Code, Sections 360, 590, define a "highway" as only a way open for use of motor vehicles, the California Supreme Court has held that "the definition of 'highway' in the Vehicle Code is used for special purposes of that act," and that canals in the town of Venice, California Venice is a district in western Los Angeles, California, United States. It is known for its canals, beaches and circus-like Ocean Front Walk, which features performers, fortune-tellers and vendors. Throughout the summer months, the boardwalk is actively entertaining, and this tradition continues on weekends in the winter. It is an important, are "highways" that are entitled to be maintained with state highway funds.^{[citation needed]}

Smaller roads may be termed byways In England & Wales, a Byway Open to All Traffic is a highway over which the public have a right of way for vehicular and all other kinds of traffic but which is used by the public mainly for the purpose for which footpaths and bridleways are used. (United Kingdom Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984, section 15(9)(c), as amended by Road Traffic (.^[1]

History

Modern highway systems developed in the 20th century as the automobile An automobile, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the gained popularity. The world's first limited access road A limited-access road is a highway to which access from adjacent properties is limited in some way; a limited access road (for example a freeway) may also have a divided highway, grade separated junctions and prohibit some modes of transport such as bicycles or horses; however others may be city streets where controls are placed on the number of was constructed in Italy Italy (pronounced /ˈɪtəli/ ; Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a country located partly on the European Continent and partly on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its northern, Alpine in 1922 (see autostrade The Autostrada is the Italian national system of motorways. The total length of the system is about 6,400 km. In North and Central Italy this is mainly as tollways, with the biggest portion in concession to the Atlantia group which operates some 3,408 km. Other operators include ASTM and ATP in the north-west, Serenissima and Autovie Venete in the).^[2] Construction of the Bonn-Cologne autobahn Autobahn (pronounced /ˈɔːtoʊbɑːn/; German: [ˈaʊtoːbaːn] , plural Autobahnen) is the German word for a dual carriageway limited access highway with grade separated junctions began in 1929 and was opened in 1932 by the mayor of Cologne.^[3]

The Special Roads Act 1949 in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[note 7] is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land provided the legislative basis for roads for restricted classes of vehicles (later termed motorway A motorway is a dual-carriageway limited access highway with grade separated junctions designed and built solely for motorised traffic. In English-speaking countries the term is used in the United Kingdom, some parts of Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, some other Commonwealth nations, and Ireland (a motorway is also called a mótarbhealach in).^[4] The first section of motorway in the UK opened in 1958 (part of the M6 motorway) and then in 1959 the first section of the M1 motorway The M1 is a major north–south motorway in England primarily connecting London to Leeds, where it joins the A1 near Aberford. While the M1 is considered to be the first inter-urban motorway to be completed in the United Kingdom, the first road to be built to motorway standard in the country was the Preston Bypass, which later became part of the M6.^[5]

The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act , was enacted on June 29, 1956, when Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law. Appropriating $25 billion for the construction of 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of Interstate Highways over a 20-year period, it was the largest public works project provided appropriating $25 billion for the construction of 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of Interstate Highways The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System , is a network of limited-access highways (also called freeways or expressways) in the United States. It is named for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who championed its formation. As of 2006[update], the system has a total over a 20-year period in the United States.^[6]

Social effects

Reducing travel times relative to city or town streets, modern highways with limited access and grade separation create increased opportunities for people to travel for business, trade or pleasure and also provide trade routes for goods. Modern highways reduce commute and other travel time however additional road capacity can also create new induced traffic demand Induced demand is the phenomenon that after supply increases, more of a good is consumed. This is entirely consistent with the economic theory of supply and demand; however, this idea has become important in the debate over the expansion of transportation systems, and is often used as an argument against widening roads, such as major commuter. If not accurately predicted at the planning stage, this extra traffic may lead to the new road becoming congested sooner than anticipated. More roads add on to car-dependence which can mean that a new road only brings short-term mitigation of traffic congestion.

Where highways are created through existing communities, there can be reduced community cohesion Community cohesion refers to the aspect of togetherness and bonding exhibited by members of a community, the "glue" that holds a community together. This might include features such as a sense of common belonging or cultural similarity and more difficult local access. Consequently property values have decreased in many cutoff neighborhoods, leading to decreased housing quality over time.

Economic effects

In transport, demand In economics, demand is the desire to own anything and the ability to pay for it and willingness to pay . The term demand signifies the ability or the willingness to buy a particular commodity at a given point of time. Demand is also defined elsewhere as a measure of preferences that is weighted by income[citation needed] can be measured in numbers of journeys made or in total distance travelled across all journeys (e.g. passenger-kilometres for public transport Public transport is a shared passenger transportation service which are available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as Taxicab, car pooling which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement or vehicle-kilometres of travel (VKT) for private transport Private transport, as opposed to public transport, is transport in one's own vehicle , or through self-power (such as walking). Private transport differs from public in that it lacks timetables and fixed itineraries. It also tends to be more convenient to the commuter as it is readily available on demand. Unfortunately, however, due to the high). Supply is considered to be a measure of capacity. The price of the good (travel) is measured using the generalised cost of travel, which includes both money and time expenditure.

The effect of increases in supply (capacity) are of particular interest in transport economics (see induced demand), as the potential environmental consequences are significant (see externalities below).

In addition to providing benefits to their users, transport networks impose both positive and negative externalities on non-users. The consideration of these externalities - particularly the negative ones - is a part of transport economics. Positive externalities of transport networks may include the ability to provide emergency services, increases in land value and agglomeration benefits. Negative externalities are wide-ranging and may include local air pollution, noise pollution, light pollution, safety hazards, community severance and congestion. The contribution of transport systems to potentially hazardous climate change is a significant negative externality which is difficult to evaluate quantitatively, making it difficult (but not impossible) to include in transport economics-based research and analysis. Congestion is considered a negative externality by economists.^[7]

Environment effects

Highways are extended linear sources of pollution:

Roadway noise increases with operating speed so major highways generate more noise than arterial streets. Therefore, considerable noise health effects are expected from highway systems. Noise mitigation strategies exist to reduce sound levels at nearby sensitive receptors. The idea that highway design could be influenced by acoustical engineering considerations first arose about 1973.^[8][9]

Air quality issues: Highways may contribute fewer emissions than arterials carrying the same vehicle volumes. This is because high, constant-speed operation creates an emissions reduction compared to vehicular flows with stops and starts. However, concentrations of air pollutants near highways may be higher due to increased traffic volumes. Therefore, the risk of exposure to elevated levels of air pollutants from a highway may be considerable, and further magnified when highways have traffic congestion.

New highways can also cause habitat fragmentation, encourage urban sprawl and allow human intrusion into previously untouched areas, as well as (counterintuitively) increasing congestion, by increasing the number of intersections. They can also reduce the use of public transport, indirectly leading to greater pollution.

Lanes for High-Occupancy Vehicles (HOV lanes) are being added to some newer/reconstructed highways in North America and other countries around the world to encourage carpooling and mass-transit. These lanes help reduce the number of cars on the highway and thus reduces pollution and traffic congestion by promoting the use of carpooling in order to be able to use these lanes. However, they tend to require dedicated lanes on a highway which makes them difficult to construct in dense urban areas where they are the most effective.

Road traffic safety

Road traffic safety aims to reduce the harm (deaths, injuries, and property damage) on the highway system from traffic collisions and includes the design, construction and regulation of the roads, the vehicles that use them and also the training of drivers and other road-users. Improvement of road safety needs to be balanced with the provision of an effective efficient transport system. A report published by the World Health Organization in 2004 estimated that some 1.2m people were killed and 50m injured on the roads around the world each year^[10] and was the leading cause of death among children 10 – 19 years of age. The report also noted that the problem was most severe in developing countries and that simple prevention measures could halve the number of deaths.^[11] For reasons of clear data collection, only harm involving a road vehicle is included.^{[citation needed]} A person tripping with fatal consequences or dying for some unrelated reason on a public road is not included in the relevant statistics.

Statistics

The United States has the world's largest network of highways, including both the Interstate Highway System and the U.S. Highway System. At least one of these networks is present in every state and they interconnect most major cities.

China's highway network is the second most extensive in the world, with a total length of about 3.573 million km^{[12][13][14][15][16][17]}. China's expressway network is also the second longest in the world, and it is quickly expanding, stretching some 60,300 km at the end of 2008,^[18][19][20] In 2008 alone, 6,433 km expressways were added to the network.^[21]

• Longest international highway: the Pan-American Highway, which connects many countries in the Americas, is nearly 25,000 kilometres (15,534 mi) long as of 2005^[update]. The Pan-American Highway is discontinuous because there is a significant gap in it in southeastern Panama, where the rainfall is immense and the terrain is entirely unsuitable for highway construction. The entire area is covered with swamps and rain forests. Central Panama and Colombia are connected by ferries and by airline transportation.

• Longest national highway: Australia's Highway 1 at over 20,000 km (12,427 mi). It runs almost the entire way around the continent's coastline. With the exception of the Federal Capital of Canberra, which is far inland, Highway 1 links all of Australia's capital cities, although Brisbane and Darwin are not directly connected, but rather are bypassed short distances away. Also, there is a ferry connection to the island state of Tasmania, and then a stretch of Highway 1 that links the major towns and cities of Tasmania, including Launceston and Hobart (this state’s capital city).

• Longest national highway (Point to point): The Trans-Canada Highway (the T.C.H.) (known as TCH 1 in western Canada) is 7,821 km (4,857 mi) long as of 2006^[update]. The T.C.H. runs east-west across southern Canada, the populated portion of the country, and it connects many of the major urban centers along its route crossing almost all of the provinces, and reaching almost all of the capital cities.^[22] The T.C.H. begins on the east in eastern Newfoundland, traverses that island, and crosses to the mainland by ferry. It reaches most of the Maritime Provinces of eastern Canada, and a side route using ferries traverses the province of Prince Edward Island. After crossing the two most populous provinces of Quebec and Ontario, the T.C.H. continues westward across Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. Besides reaching the metropolis of Vancouver, B.C., on the Pacific Coast, there is also a ferry route west to Vancouver Island and the provincial capital city of Victoria, B.C..

• Largest national highway system: The United States of America has approximately 6,430,366 kilometres (3,995,644 mi) of highway within its borders as of 2008^[update].^[23]

• Busiest highway: Highway 401 in Ontario, Canada, has volumes surpassing an average of 500,000 vehicles per day in some sections of Toronto as of 2006^[update].^[24][25]. Highway 20 in Israel has volumes surpassing an average of 750,000 vehicles per day in some sections of Tel Aviv ^[26].

• Widest highway (maximum number of lanes): The Katy Freeway (part of Interstate 10) in Houston, Texas, has a total of 26 lanes in some sections as of 2007^[update]. However, they are divided up into general use/ frontage roads/ HOV lanes, restricting the traverse traffic flow.

• Widest highway (maximum number of through lanes): Interstate 5 along a 2-mile section between Interstate 805 and California State Route 56 in San Diego, California, which was completed in April 2007, is 22 lanes wide.^[27]

• Highest international highway: The Karakoram Highway, between Pakistan and China, is at an altitude of 4,693 m/15,397 ft.

Bus lane

Some countries operate bus lane on the highway.

In South Korea, in February 1995 - Bus lane (essentially an HOV-9) established between the northern terminus and Sintanjin for important holidays and in 1 July 2008 - Bus lane enforcement between Seoul and Osan (Sintanjin on weekends) becomes daily between 6 AM and 10 PM. On 1 October this is adjusted to 7 AM to 9 PM weekdays, 9 AM to 9 PM weekends.

Gallery

See also

General information relating to highways

For information on the history and local styles of highways around the world, refer to

References

1. ^ "highways and byways". The free dictionary. http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/highways+and+byways. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
2. ^ "An Autobahn Timeline". http://german.about.com/library/blgermyth08_autobt.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
3. ^ "German Myth 8 Hitler and the Autobahn". German.about.com. http://german.about.com/library/blgermyth08.htm.
4. ^ "Special Roads Act 1949". Office of Public Sector Information. http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1949/pdf/ukpga_19490032_en.pdf.
5. ^ "M1 London - Yorkshire Motorway, M10 and M45". Motorway Archives. http://www.ciht.org.uk/motorway/m1m10m45.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
6. ^ "History of the Interstate Highway System". Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/interstate/history.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
7. ^ Small, Kenneth A.; José A. Gomez-Ibañez (1998). Road Pricing for Congestion Management: The Transition from Theory to Policy. The University of California Transportation Center, University of California at Berkeley. pp. 213.
8. ^ John Shadely, Acoustical analysis of the New Jersey Turnpike widening project between Raritan and East Brunswick, Bolt Beranek and Newman, 1973
9. ^ Michael Hogan, Highway Noise, 3rd Environmental Pollution Symposium, sponsored by AIAA, ACS, ASME, SAE, held at SRI International, Menlo Park, Ca. April 17–18, 1973
10. ^ "World report on road traffic injury prevention". World Health Organisation. http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/road_traffic/world_report/en/index.html. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
11. ^ "UN raises child accidents alarm". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/7776127.stm.
12. ^ http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKPEK18598420071116
13. ^ China National Bureau of Statistics - 2008 Yearbook - Transport Section (shortcut below)
14. ^ http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2008/html/P1503E.HTM
15. ^ http://www.chinagate.cn/english/choice/50301.htm
16. ^ http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2008-01/07/content_6374334.htm
17. ^ http://www.okokok.com.cn/Abroad/Class121/Class129/200812/121827.html
18. ^ [1]
19. ^ Chinese highways & Expressways ( 中国高速 ) - Page 2 - SkyscraperCity
20. ^ DEVELOPMENT GATEWAY_ Expressways Being Built at Frenetic Pace
21. ^ http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-01/16/content_7403145.htm
22. ^ CBC Archives (August 6, 2002). "Trans-Canada Highway: Bridging the Distance". http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-73-678/politics_economy/trans_canada/. Retrieved 2006-12-20.
23. ^ CIA World Factbook. "Transportation:roadways". http://www.indexmundi.com/g/r.aspx?c=us&v=115.
24. ^ Ministry of Transportation (Ontario) (August 6, 2002). "Ontario government investing $401 million to upgrade Highway 401". http://ogov.newswire.ca/ontario/GPOE/2002/08/06/c0057.html?lmatch=&lang=_e.html. Retrieved 2006-12-20.
25. ^ Brian Gray (2004-04-10). "GTA Economy Dinged by Every Crash on the 401 - North America's Busiest Freeway". Toronto Sun, transcribed at Urban Planet. http://www.urbanplanet.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=3459. Retrieved 2007-03-18. "The "phenomenal" number of vehicles on Hwy. 401 as it cuts through Toronto makes it the busiest freeway in North America..."
26. ^ . . Retrieved 2010-07-25. "On each weekday, some 750,000 vehicles use the Ayalon Highway, which serves as a fast metropolitan freeway for the millions of inhabitants of the Tel Aviv metropolitan region."
27. ^ Steve Schmidt, "Four new southbound lanes at I-5/805 merge set to open", San Diego Union-Tribune, 28 March 2007, page number unknown.

External links

• Legal definition in Canada
• Legal opinion, Kansas, U.S.A.
• U.S. Highways: From US 1 to (US 830)
• Full list of Euroroutes with distances
• Euroroutes with distances
• Proposed Trans-Global Highway
• The Greenroads Rating System

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